Fuzzy sets and their variants
Fatemeh Zahra Montazeri
Abstract
One of the appropriate and efficient tools in the field of productivity measurement and evaluation is data envelopment analysis, which is used as a non-parametric method to calculate the efficiency of decision-making units. Today, the use of data envelopment analysis technique is expanding rapidly and ...
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One of the appropriate and efficient tools in the field of productivity measurement and evaluation is data envelopment analysis, which is used as a non-parametric method to calculate the efficiency of decision-making units. Today, the use of data envelopment analysis technique is expanding rapidly and is used in the evaluation of various organizations and industries such as banks, postal service, hospitals, training centers, power plants, refineries, etc.In real-world problems, the values observed from input and output data are often ambiguous and random. To solve this problem, data envelopment analysis in stochastic fuzzy environment was proposed. Although the DEA has many advantages, one of the disadvantages of this method is that the classic DEA does not actually give us a definitive conclusion and does not allow random changes in input and output. In this paper, we review some of the proposed models in data envelopment analysis with fuzzy and random inputs and outputs.
Intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their variants
Atiqe Ur Rahman; Muhammad Rayees Ahmad; Muhammad Saeed; Muhammad Ahsan; Muhammad Arshad; Muhammad Ihsan
Abstract
Zadeh conceptualized the theory of fuzzy set to provide a tool for the basis of the theory of possibility. Atanassov extended this theory with the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy set. Smarandache introduced the concept of refined intuitionistic fuzzy set by further subdivision of membership and ...
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Zadeh conceptualized the theory of fuzzy set to provide a tool for the basis of the theory of possibility. Atanassov extended this theory with the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy set. Smarandache introduced the concept of refined intuitionistic fuzzy set by further subdivision of membership and non-membership value. The meagerness regarding the allocation of a single membership and non-membership value to any object under consideration is addressed with this novel refinement. In this study, this novel idea is utilized to characterize the essential elements e.g. subset, equal set, null set, and complement set, for refined intuitionistic fuzzy set. Moreover, their basic set theoretic operations like union, intersection, extended intersection, restricted union, restricted intersection, and restricted difference, are conceptualized. Furthermore, some basic laws are also discussed with the help of an illustrative example in each case for vivid understanding.
Fuzzy sets and their variants
Besma Belhadj
Abstract
Under the additional assumption that the errors are normally distributed, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is the maximum likelihood estimator. In this paper, we propose, for a simple regression, an estimation method alternative to the OLS method based on a so-called Gaussian membership function, ...
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Under the additional assumption that the errors are normally distributed, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is the maximum likelihood estimator. In this paper, we propose, for a simple regression, an estimation method alternative to the OLS method based on a so-called Gaussian membership function, one that checks the validity of the verbal explanation suggested by the observer. The fuzzy estimation approach demonstrated here is based on a suitable framework for a natural behavior observed in nature. An application based on a group of MENA countries in 2015 is presented to estimate the employment poverty relationship.
Neutrosophic sets and their variants
Jamiatun Nadwa Ismail; Zahari Rodzi; Hazwani Hashim; Nor Hashimah Sulaiman; Faisal Al-Sharqi; Ashraf Al-Quran; Abd Ghafur Ahmad
Abstract
DEMATEL serves as a tool for addressing multi-criteria decision-making problems, primarily by identifying critical factors that exert the most significant influence on a specific system. To enhance its capabilities in handling contextual decision problems, DEMATEL has been further developed through integration ...
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DEMATEL serves as a tool for addressing multi-criteria decision-making problems, primarily by identifying critical factors that exert the most significant influence on a specific system. To enhance its capabilities in handling contextual decision problems, DEMATEL has been further developed through integration with various other MCDM methods. The inherent reliance on direct input from experts for initial decision information in DEMATEL raises concerns about the potential limitations imposed by experts' domain knowledge and bounded rationalities. The effectiveness of decision-making can be compromised if the initial information provided by experts is deemed unreliable, leading to debatable outcomes. To address these challenges, this study proposes the incorporation of a Bonferroni mean aggregation operator within a Pythagorean neutrosophic environment, illustrated through a numerical example applied to DEMATEL. This integration is intended to fortify decision accuracy by introducing a more enhanced decision framework by developing a new normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operator for Pythagorean neutrosophic set aggregation (PN-NWBM). By integrating this operator, this study aims to alleviate the impact of unreliable initial information and enhance the overall reliability of decision outcomes thereby contributing to its improvement in decision making. Through the implementation of the Bonferroni mean aggregation operator, the study anticipates achieving a more comprehensive and accurate representation of decision factors as illustrated in the numerical example. This research includes a comparative and sensitivity analysis to thoroughly examine the implications and effectiveness of the proposed integration.
Neutrosophic sets and their variants
R. Radha; A. Stanis Arul Mary
Abstract
A Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Pythagorean (QNP) set is a powerful general format framework that generalizes the concept of Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Sets and Neutrosophic Pythagorean Sets. In this paper, we apply the notion of quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Pythagorean sets to Lie algebras. We ...
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A Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Pythagorean (QNP) set is a powerful general format framework that generalizes the concept of Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Sets and Neutrosophic Pythagorean Sets. In this paper, we apply the notion of quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Pythagorean sets to Lie algebras. We develop the concept of QNP Lie subalgebras and QNP Lie ideals. We describe some interesting results of QNP Lie ideals.
Fuzzy sets and their variants
Nivetha Martin; A.Velankanni Ananth; P.K. Sharmila; T. Priya
Abstract
The pandemic has created a wide range of impacts on the livelihood of the people especially in their occupation and income generation. The horrific pandemic impacts have caused the populace to switch their occupations for the sake of their livelihood sustainability. This research works aims in determining ...
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The pandemic has created a wide range of impacts on the livelihood of the people especially in their occupation and income generation. The horrific pandemic impacts have caused the populace to switch their occupations for the sake of their livelihood sustainability. This research works aims in determining the impacts of the occupational shifts especially in case of rural populace. The decision-making method of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) is used in combinations with the statistical data collection methods of survey methodology, participatory approach and multi stage purposive sampling. It is observed that a significant percentage of people have shifted from their occupation and the occupational shifts have impacts on the personal, economic, social and health dimensions of the rural populace. The factors under each dimension and their inter associational impacts are also determined using the method of FCM and FCM Expert software. Based on the findings of the research work, it is very evident that the occupational shifts have created a lot of impacts on the livelihood of the rural populace and also each of the person has experienced the impacts more personally. The societal contribution of the research lies in communicating the results and inferences to the concerned administrators so as to facilitate the affected rural populace in getting back to their primary occupation.
Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their variants
Veerappan Chinnadurai; Arul Selvam
Abstract
In this paper, we define the new notion of interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy ideals in semigroups and established the properties of its with suitable examples. Also, we introduce the concept of interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy sub-semigroup, interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy left (resp. right) ideal, ...
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In this paper, we define the new notion of interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy ideals in semigroups and established the properties of its with suitable examples. Also, we introduce the concept of interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy sub-semigroup, interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy left (resp. right) ideal, interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy bi-ideal, interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy interior ideal and homomorphism of an interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy ideal in semigroups with suitable illustration. We show that every interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy left (resp. right) ideal is an interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy bi-ideal.
Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their variants
J Marynirmala; D. Sivakumar
Abstract
We present the notion of Pythagorean Fuzzy Weak Bi-Ideals (PFWBI) and interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy weak bi-ideals of Γ-near-rings and studies some of its properties. We present the notion of interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy weak bi-ideal and establish some of its properties. We study interval ...
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We present the notion of Pythagorean Fuzzy Weak Bi-Ideals (PFWBI) and interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy weak bi-ideals of Γ-near-rings and studies some of its properties. We present the notion of interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy weak bi-ideal and establish some of its properties. We study interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy weak bi-ideals of Γ-near-ring using homomorphism.
Intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their variants
Michael Voskoglou; Said Broumi
Abstract
The Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) are generalizations of Zadeh’s fuzzy sets, in which the elements of the universe have apart from Zadeh’s membership and the degree of non-membership in [0, 1]. This paper studies applications of intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (FS) to assessment and multi-criteria ...
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The Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) are generalizations of Zadeh’s fuzzy sets, in which the elements of the universe have apart from Zadeh’s membership and the degree of non-membership in [0, 1]. This paper studies applications of intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (FS) to assessment and multi-criteria decision making, which are very useful when uncertainty characterizes the grades or parameters respectively assigned to the elements of the universal set. Applications to everyday life situations are also presented illustrating our results.
Fuzzy multisets and their variants
Mahmut Dirik
Abstract
Due to developments in printing technology, the number of counterfeit banknotes is increasing every year. Finding an effective method to detect counterfeit banknotes is an important task in business. Finding a reliable method to detect counterfeit banknotes is a crucial challenge in the world of economic ...
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Due to developments in printing technology, the number of counterfeit banknotes is increasing every year. Finding an effective method to detect counterfeit banknotes is an important task in business. Finding a reliable method to detect counterfeit banknotes is a crucial challenge in the world of economic transactions. Due to technological development, counterfeit banknotes may pass through the counterfeit banknote detection system based on physical and chemical properties undetected. In this study, an intelligent counterfeit banknote detection system based on a Genetic Fuzzy System (GFS) is proposed to detect counterfeit banknotes efficiently. GFS is a hybrid system that uses a network architecture to fine-tune the membership functions of a fuzzy inference system. The learning algorithms Fuzzy Classification, Genetic Fuzzy Classification, ANFIS Classification, and Genetic ANFIS Classification were applied to the dataset in the UCI machine learning repository to detect the authenticity of banknotes. The developed model was evaluated based on Accuracy (ACC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Error Mean, Error STD, and confusion matrix. The experimental results and statistical analysis showed that the classification performance of the proposed model was evaluated as follows: Fuzzy = 97.64%, GA_Fuzzy = 98.60%, ANFIS = 80.83%, GA_ANFIS = 97.72% accuracy (ACC). This shows the significant potential of the proposed GFS models for fraud detection.
Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their variants
V. S. Subha; P. Dhanalakshmi
Abstract
In this paper, we expose cosine, jaccard and dice similarity measures and rough interval Pythagorean mean operator. Some of the important properties of the defined similarity measures have been established. Then the proposed methods are applied for solving multi attribute decision making problems. Finally, ...
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In this paper, we expose cosine, jaccard and dice similarity measures and rough interval Pythagorean mean operator. Some of the important properties of the defined similarity measures have been established. Then the proposed methods are applied for solving multi attribute decision making problems. Finally, a numerical example is solved to show the feasibility, applicability and effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Neutrosophic sets and their variants
Vakkas Uluçay; Necmiye Merve Şahin; Nisa İrem Toz; Enver Bozkurt
Abstract
Different frameworks can be chosen to solve Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problems emerging in business, cyber environment, economy, health care, engineering and other areas. Uncertainty, vagueness and non-rigid boundaries of the initial information are frequently noticed when dealing with the ...
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Different frameworks can be chosen to solve Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problems emerging in business, cyber environment, economy, health care, engineering and other areas. Uncertainty, vagueness and non-rigid boundaries of the initial information are frequently noticed when dealing with the practicalities of the MCDM tasks. Single-valued neutrosophic sets are considered as the effective tool to express uncertainty of the information, however in some cases it lacks the desirable generality and flexibility. The Q-single-valued neutrosophic sets were recently proposed to deal with this situation. Then, we develop a VIKOR method based on the Q-single-valued neutrosophic sets for novel MCDM method. In the decision-making framework, the proposed method is not only a way to solve the problem of MCDM, but also contains an important mathematical idea as a different solution approach. By applying this method to the real-life problem of cyber warfare, demonstrated the flexibility, effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed VIKOR method and compare the obtained results with the results of other existing methods.
Hypersoft sets and their variants
Florentin Smarandache
Abstract
In this paper we define the Soft Set Product as a product of many soft sets and afterwards we extend it to the HyperSoft Set. Similarly, the IndetermSoft Product is extended to the IndetermHyperSoft Set. We also present several applications of the Soft Set Product to Fuzzy (and fuzzy-extensions) ...
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In this paper we define the Soft Set Product as a product of many soft sets and afterwards we extend it to the HyperSoft Set. Similarly, the IndetermSoft Product is extended to the IndetermHyperSoft Set. We also present several applications of the Soft Set Product to Fuzzy (and fuzzy-extensions) Soft Set Product and to IndetermSoft Set and IndetermHyperSoft Set.
Spherical fuzzy sets
Chinnadurai Veerappan; Shakila Venkatesan
Abstract
In this paper we introduce the concept of the spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R and its some results. The union and intersection of the spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R is also a spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R . Further ...
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In this paper we introduce the concept of the spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R and its some results. The union and intersection of the spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R is also a spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R . Further we discuss about the relationship between bi-ideal and spherical interval-valued fuzzy bi-ideal of gamma near-ring R.
Hesitant fuzzy sets and their variants
Madineh Farnam; Majid Darehmiraki
Abstract
Complex nature of the current market is often caused by uncertainties, data uncertainties, their manner of use, and differences in managers' viewpoints. To overcome these problems, Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (HFSs) can be useful as the extension of fuzzy set theory, in which the degree of membership of an element ...
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Complex nature of the current market is often caused by uncertainties, data uncertainties, their manner of use, and differences in managers' viewpoints. To overcome these problems, Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (HFSs) can be useful as the extension of fuzzy set theory, in which the degree of membership of an element can be a set of possible values and provide greater flexibility in design and, thus, model performance. The power of this application becomes clear when different decision-makers tend to independently record their views. In most real-world situations, there are several goals for managers to achieve the desired performance. Therefore, in this study, a description of the solution of the Hesitant Fuzzy Linear Programming (HFLP) problem for solving hesitant fuzzy multi-objective problems is considered. In the following, the multi-objective and three-level supply chain management problem is modeled with the hesitant fuzzy approach. Then, with an example, the flexibility of the model responses is evaluated by the proposed method. The hesitant fuzzy model presented in this study can be extended to other supply chain management problems.
Neutrosophic sets and their variants
Mohanasundari Mohan; Mohana Krishnaswamy
Abstract
Abstract Quadripartitioned single valued neutrosophic (QSVN) set is a powerful structure where we have four components Truth-T, Falsity-F, Unknown-U and Contradiction-C. And also it generalizes the concept of fuzzy, initutionstic and single valued neutrosophic set. In this paper we have proposed the ...
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Abstract Quadripartitioned single valued neutrosophic (QSVN) set is a powerful structure where we have four components Truth-T, Falsity-F, Unknown-U and Contradiction-C. And also it generalizes the concept of fuzzy, initutionstic and single valued neutrosophic set. In this paper we have proposed the concept of K-algebras on QSVN, level subset of QSVN and studied some of the results. In addition to this we have also investigated the characteristics of QSVN Ksubalgebras under homomorphism.
Fuzzy sets and their variants
Abouzar Sheikhi; Mohammad Javad Ebadi
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel method for solving Fractional Transportation Problems (FTPs) with fuzzy numbers using a ranking function. The proposed method introduces a transformation technique that converts an FTP with fuzzy numbers into an FTP with crisp numbers by employing the robust ranking ...
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In this paper, we present a novel method for solving Fractional Transportation Problems (FTPs) with fuzzy numbers using a ranking function. The proposed method introduces a transformation technique that converts an FTP with fuzzy numbers into an FTP with crisp numbers by employing the robust ranking technique. Subsequently, we formulate two transportation problems, one for maximization and another for minimization, based on the given FTP. The optimal solution for the original FTP is then derived by leveraging the solutions obtained for the formulated transportation problems. By optimizing these single-objective transport problems, our method provides decision-makers with the ability to make satisfactory managerial decisions and evaluate economic operations when confronted with logistic problems involving fractional transportation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we present several illustrative examples that showcase its practical application and efficiency.
Fuzzy sets and their variants
Leonce Leandry; Innocent Sosoma; David Koloseni
Abstract
Currently fuzzy set theory has a wide range to model real life problems with incomplete or vague information which perfectly suits the reality and its application is theatrically increasing. This work explored the basic fuzzy operations with the Gaussian Membership using the α-cut method. As it ...
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Currently fuzzy set theory has a wide range to model real life problems with incomplete or vague information which perfectly suits the reality and its application is theatrically increasing. This work explored the basic fuzzy operations with the Gaussian Membership using the α-cut method. As it is known that, the Gaussian membership function has a great role in modelling the fuzzy problems this is what impelled to explore its operation which can further be used in analysis of fuzzy problems. Primarily the basic operations which has been discussed here are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, reciprocal, exponential, logarithmic and nth power.
Picture fuzzy sets and their variants
Hasan Mohammad Kamrul; Ali Md. Yasin; Sultana Abeda; Mitra Nirmal Kanti
Abstract
Picture fuzzy set is the generalization of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. It is useful for handling uncertainty by considering the positive membership, neutral membership and negative membership degrees independently for each element of a universal set. The main objective of this article is ...
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Picture fuzzy set is the generalization of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. It is useful for handling uncertainty by considering the positive membership, neutral membership and negative membership degrees independently for each element of a universal set. The main objective of this article is to develop some picture fuzzy mean operators, including Picture Fuzzy Harmonic Mean (PFHM), Picture Fuzzy Weighted Harmonic Mean (PFWHM), Picture Fuzzy Arithmetic Mean (PFAM), Picture Fuzzy Weighted Arithmetic Mean (PFWAM), Picture Fuzzy Geometric Mean (PFGM) and Picture Fuzzy Weighted Geometric Mean (PFWGM), to aggregate the picture fuzzy sets. Moreover, we discuss some relevant properties of these operators. Furthermore, we apply these mean operators to make decisions with practical examples. Finally, to show the efficiency and the validity of the proposed operators, we compare our results with the results of existing methods and concluded from the comparison that our proposed methods are more effective and reliable.
Intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their variants
Behnam Talaee; Mehrnoosh Sobhani; Bijan Davvaz
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the structure of intuitionistic fuzzy projec- tive modules and investigate some properties of them. Also we study about intuitionistic fuzzy homomorphisms between intuitionistic fuzzy modules.
We study about exact sequences, products and co-products, func- tors and relating ...
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In this paper, we discuss the structure of intuitionistic fuzzy projec- tive modules and investigate some properties of them. Also we study about intuitionistic fuzzy homomorphisms between intuitionistic fuzzy modules.
We study about exact sequences, products and co-products, func- tors and relating topics in IFR − Mod and investigate the relationship between them, where IFR − Mod is category whose objects are intu- itionidtic fuzzy modules and morphisms are intuitionistic fuzzy homo-
morphisms.
For a commutative ring R and two intuitionistic fuzzy R- modules
A = (μA, νA) ≤IF M, B = (μB, νB) ≤IF N we show that
HomIF −R (A, B) = (α, β) is an intuitionistic fuzzy R-module.
Also for a commutative ring R, if
0⟶𝐴𝑓~→ B 𝑔~→ C is an exact sequence in IFR-Mod, where f˜ is IF split homomorphism, then
we show that HomIF −R(D,-) preserves the sequence, for every D ∈ IFR − Mod.
Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their variants
SUBHANKAR JANA; Anjali Patel; Juthika Mahanta
Abstract
The fuzzy set is generally used to identify the topological relationship between two vague spatial objects. Indeterminacy can arise at any point in the modelling process, and the fuzzy model is unable to deal with this. Given that the Pythagorean fuzzy is better equipped to deal with such indeterminacies ...
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The fuzzy set is generally used to identify the topological relationship between two vague spatial objects. Indeterminacy can arise at any point in the modelling process, and the fuzzy model is unable to deal with this. Given that the Pythagorean fuzzy is better equipped to deal with such indeterminacies than the fuzzy set, we advocated for the use of Pythagorean fuzzy modelling to determine the topological relation between two spatial objects. This paper contributes to the expanding study of Pythagorean fuzzy topological spaces by introducing core, fringe, outer, regular open set, regular closed set, double connectedness and homeomorphism in Pythagorean fuzzy environment. Using these definitions, the paper proposes an algebraic model, namely the Pythagorean fuzzy 9-intersection matrix, to find topological relations between any two Pythagorean fuzzy sets in a Pythagorean topological space. The inbuilt capability of Pythagorean fuzzy set to handle indeterminacy establishes the proposed model as the potential tool to find topological relations between two indeterminate spatial objects. Ample instances are discussed to nourish the existence of indeterminate spatial objects. Finally, a simple Pythagorean fuzzy region is defined and all possible relations between such two Pythagorean fuzzy regions are examined.
Neutrosophic sets and their variants
Rajeshwari S; Hema R; Florentin Smarandache
Abstract
This paper is mainly intended to verify whether the basic laws of set theory are applicable in the Neutrosophic soft set. The laws that have been examined in this paper for NSS include Commutative law, Associative law, Distributive law, Involution law, Idempotent law, Negation law (law of contradiction ...
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This paper is mainly intended to verify whether the basic laws of set theory are applicable in the Neutrosophic soft set. The laws that have been examined in this paper for NSS include Commutative law, Associative law, Distributive law, Involution law, Idempotent law, Negation law (law of contradiction and law of excluded middle), it has also been illustrated with sufficient examples. In addition, extending that to the hypersoft set, we have proved if H is a Neutrosophic hypersoft Subgroup (NHSSG) of a group G and N is a normal subgroup of G, then HN is a Neutrosophic hypersoft Subgroup (NHSSG) of G. Keywords: Neutrosophic Set: Neutrosophic Soft Set: Complement set: Neutrosophic hypersoft set
Fuzzy sets and their variants
Mhalla Anis; Simon Collart Dutilleul
Abstract
The scope of the presented work is devoted to the monitoring of transport railway networks. These systems have robustness to temporal perturbations. The major paper's contribution is a fuzzy filtering of sensor signals incorporating robustness parameters. This novel concept combines a conventional sensor ...
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The scope of the presented work is devoted to the monitoring of transport railway networks. These systems have robustness to temporal perturbations. The major paper's contribution is a fuzzy filtering of sensor signals incorporating robustness parameters. This novel concept combines a conventional sensor signal filter mechanism and fuzzy logic principles. The strengths of these two techniques are leveraged to prevent control freezing and the fuzzy systems' ability to handle inaccurate information by employing fuzzy rules. Lastly, to prove the efficiency and the accuracy of the newly developed approach, an example is shown. The findings reveal that the fuzzy logic allows to maintain the travel process in a degraded mode, while ensuring the traffic quality and customers safety through the incorporation of expert knowledge.
Complex Fuzzy Sets and their variants
Lama Razouk
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to create a strong background of many algebraic structures dealing with Weak Fuzzy Complex elements. So that, we build a special transformation function that has an important role in working with variables from a Real number set instead of a Weak Fuzzy Complex set. We study ...
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The objective of this paper is to create a strong background of many algebraic structures dealing with Weak Fuzzy Complex elements. So that, we build a special transformation function that has an important role in working with variables from a Real number set instead of a Weak Fuzzy Complex set. We study its algebraic properties and models. Also, we define the Weak Fuzzy Complex function, its canonical formula and its main establishments. Therefore, we show the formulas of some famous functions and relations in Weak Fuzzy Complex variables.On the other hand, differentiability, integrability and continuity of Weak Fuzzy Complex functions in one variable will be presented in terms of theorems, as well, many related examples will be illustrated to clarify the validity of our work.
Neutrosophic sets and their variants
Abhishek Singh; Hemant Kulkarni; Florentin Smarandache; Gajendra K. Vishwakarma
Abstract
In this article, we introduce a novel approach by presenting separate ratio and regression estimators in the context of neutrosophic stratified sampling for the very first time, incorporating auxiliary variables. We have conducted a thorough analysis to estimate these newly proposed estimators' ...
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In this article, we introduce a novel approach by presenting separate ratio and regression estimators in the context of neutrosophic stratified sampling for the very first time, incorporating auxiliary variables. We have conducted a thorough analysis to estimate these newly proposed estimators' bias and mean square error (MSE) up to the first-order approximation. Theoretically using efficiency comparison criteria, our findings demonstrate the superior performance of these estimators compared to traditional unbiased estimators. Also, numerically based on real-life and artificial data, we have shown the supremacy of the neutrosophic stratified sampling over neutrosophic simple random sampling along with the supremacy of our proposed neutrosophic separate stratified estimators over neutrosophic stratified unbiased estimator. Moreover, our research highlights the enhanced reliability of neutrosophic stratified estimators when contrasted with classical stratified estimators.